Yes, you can.
As long as your SIM/eSIM is still within the validity period, you can continue using it when you re-enter Japan, even if you temporarily leave Japan.
📌 After returning to Japan:
• Turn on Mobile Data
• Switch Mobile Data to the JB SIM/eSIM
• Wait for your phone to reconnect to the Japanese mobile network
There is no need to apply again or reinstall the SIM/eSIM. It can be used normally as long as it remains within the validity period.